| author |
Steve Losh <steve@stevelosh.com> |
| date |
Sat, 07 Dec 2019 18:41:35 -0500 |
| parents |
b18a8ad31735 |
| children |
ebd2a1bb4889 |
(in-package :advent)
;;;; Clipboard ----------------------------------------------------------------
(defun sh (command &key (input "") output)
(uiop:run-program command
:output (when output :string)
:input (make-string-input-stream input)))
(defun pbcopy (object)
(sh '("pbcopy") :input (aesthetic-string object))
(values))
(defun pbpaste ()
(values (sh '("pbpaste") :output t)))
;;;; Streams ------------------------------------------------------------------
(defun ensure-stream (input)
(ctypecase input
(stream input)
(string (make-string-input-stream input))))
(defun ensure-string (input)
(ctypecase input
(stream (alexandria:read-stream-content-into-string input))
(string (copy-seq input))))
(defun ensure-keyword (input)
(values
(ctypecase input
(keyword input)
(symbol (alexandria:make-keyword input))
(string (alexandria:make-keyword (string-upcase (str:trim input)))))))
(defun ensure-list (input)
(if (listp input) input (list input)))
;;;; Problems -----------------------------------------------------------------
(defmacro define-problem-tests ((year day) part1 part2)
`(1am:test ,(alexandria:symbolicate 'test-
(princ-to-string year)
'/
(princ-to-string day))
(multiple-value-bind (part1 part2) (,(alexandria:symbolicate 'run))
(1am:is (equal ,part1 part1))
(1am:is (equal ,part2 part2)))))
(defmacro define-problem ((year day)
(arg &optional (reader 'identity))
(&optional answer1 answer2)
&body body)
(multiple-value-bind (body declarations docstring)
(alexandria:parse-body body :documentation t)
(with-gensyms (file)
(let ((run (symb 'run)))
`(progn
(defun ,run (&optional ,arg)
,@(when docstring (list docstring))
,@declarations
(let ((,file (unless ,arg (open (problem-data-path ,year ,day)))))
(unwind-protect
(progn (unless ,arg
(setf ,arg (,reader (ensure-stream (or ,arg ,file)))))
,@body)
(when ,file (close ,file)))))
,@(when answer1
(list `(define-problem-tests (,year ,day) ,answer1 ,answer2)))
'run)))))
(defun problem-data-path (year day)
(make-pathname
:directory `(:relative "data" ,(aesthetic-string year))
:name (format nil "~2,'0D" day)
:type "txt"))
;;;; Readers ------------------------------------------------------------------
(defun read-numbers-from-string (line)
(mapcar #'parse-integer (ppcre:all-matches-as-strings "-?\\d+" line)))
(defun read-and-collect (stream reader)
(iterate (for value :in-stream stream :using reader)
(collect value)))
(defun read-all (stream)
"Read all forms from `stream` and return them as a fresh list."
(read-and-collect stream #'read))
(defun read-numbers (stream)
(read-numbers-from-string (alexandria:read-stream-content-into-string stream)))
(defun read-lines (stream)
"Read all lines from `stream` and return them as a fresh list of strings."
(read-and-collect stream #'read-line))
(defun read-lines-of-numbers-and-garbage (stream)
"Read the lines of numbers in `stream` into a list of lists of numbers.
Numbers can be separated by anything, even garbage.
Lines without any numbers will be discarded.
"
(iterate (for line :in-stream stream :using #'read-line)
(for numbers = (read-numbers-from-string line))
(when numbers
(collect numbers))))
(defun read-lines-of-words (stream)
(mapcar (lambda (line) (split-sequence:split-sequence #\space line))
(read-lines stream)))
(defun read-comma-separated-values (stream)
(str:split #\, (alexandria:read-stream-content-into-string stream)))
;;;; Rings --------------------------------------------------------------------
(declaim (inline ring-prev ring-next ring-data))
(defstruct (ring (:constructor make-ring%))
(data)
(prev nil :type (or null ring))
(next nil :type (or null ring)))
(defmethod print-object ((ring ring) stream)
(print-unreadable-object (ring stream :type t :identity t)
(format stream "~S" (ring-list ring))))
(defun map-ring (function ring)
(if (null ring)
nil
(cons (funcall function (ring-data ring))
(loop
:for r = (ring-next ring) :then (ring-next r)
:until (eql r ring)
:collect (funcall function (ring-data r))))))
(defmacro do-ring ((el ring) &body body)
(once-only (ring)
(with-gensyms (r started)
`(if (null ,ring)
nil
(do* ((,r ,ring (ring-next ,r))
(,started nil t))
((and ,started (eql ,ring ,r)) (values))
(let ((,el (ring-data ring)))
,@body))))))
(defun ring-find (ring el)
(cond
((null ring) nil)
((eql (ring-data ring) el) ring)
(t (loop
:for r = (ring-next ring) :then (ring-next r)
:until (eql r ring)
:when (eql (ring-data r) el) :return r))))
(defun ring-list (ring)
(map-ring #'identity ring))
(defun ring-length (ring)
(let ((result 0))
(do-ring (el ring)
(declare (ignore el))
(incf result))
result))
(defun ring-move (ring n)
(check-type n fixnum)
(if (minusp n)
(loop :repeat (- n) :do (setf ring (ring-prev ring)))
(loop :repeat n :do (setf ring (ring-next ring))))
ring)
(defun ring-insert-after (ring element)
(if (null ring)
(ring element)
(let* ((p ring)
(n (ring-next ring))
(new (make-ring% :data element :prev p :next n)))
(setf (ring-next p) new
(ring-prev n) new)
new)))
(defun ring-insert-before (ring element)
(if (null ring)
(ring element)
(let* ((p (ring-prev ring))
(n ring)
(new (make-ring% :data element :prev p :next n)))
(setf (ring-next p) new
(ring-prev n) new)
new)))
(defun ring-cut (ring &key prev)
(assert (not (null ring)) (ring) "Cannot cut from empty ring ~S" ring)
(let ((n (ring-next ring)))
(if (eql ring n)
nil
(let ((p (ring-prev ring)))
(setf (ring-next p) n
(ring-prev n) p
(ring-next ring) nil
(ring-prev ring) nil)
(if prev p n)))))
(define-modify-macro ring-findf (el) ring-find)
(define-modify-macro ring-cutf (&rest keywords) ring-cut)
(define-modify-macro ring-movef (n) ring-move)
(define-modify-macro ring-nextf () ring-next)
(define-modify-macro ring-prevf () ring-prev)
(define-modify-macro ring-insertf-after (element) ring-insert-after)
(define-modify-macro ring-insertf-before (element) ring-insert-before)
(defun ring (&rest elements)
(if (null elements)
nil
(iterate
(with start)
(for element :in elements)
(for prev = ring)
(for ring = (if-first-time
(setf start (make-ring% :data element))
(make-ring% :data element :prev prev)))
(when prev
(setf (ring-next prev) ring
(ring-prev ring) prev))
(finally (setf (ring-next ring) start
(ring-prev start) ring)
(return start)))))
;;;; Miscellaneous ------------------------------------------------------------
(defun hash-table= (h1 h2 &optional (test #'eql))
"Return whether `h1` and `h2` have the same keys and values.
The consequences are undefined if `h1` and `h2` use different key tests.
`test` is used to compare values.
"
(and (= (hash-table-count h1)
(hash-table-count h2))
(iterate (for (k v) :in-hashtable h1)
(always (funcall test v (gethash k h2))))))
(defun hamming-distance (sequence1 sequence2 &key (test #'eql))
"Return the Hamming distance between `sequence1` and `sequence2`."
;; todo assert length=?
(let ((result 0))
(map nil (lambda (x y)
(unless (funcall test x y)
(incf result)))
sequence1
sequence2)
result))
(defun unique (list &key (test #'eql))
"Return a fresh list of the unique elements in `LIST`.
This differs from REMOVE-DUPLICATES in that *all* duplicate elements will be
removed, not just all-but-the-last.
This is O(n²).
Example:
(remove-duplicates '(3 1 3 2 3))
; => (1 2 3)
(unique '(3 1 3 2 3))
; => (1 2)
"
(iterate
(for a :in list)
(for i :from 0)
(unless (iterate (for b :in list)
(for j :from 0)
(unless (= i j)
(thereis (funcall test a b))))
(collect a))))
(defun extremum+ (sequence predicate)
"Like ALEXANDRIA:EXTREMUM but also return the position as a second value."
(iterate
(with value = nil)
(with position = nil)
(for i :from 0)
(for v :in-whatever sequence)
(if-first-time
(setf value v
position i)
(when (funcall predicate v value)
(setf value v
position i)))
(finally (return (values value position)))))
(defun extremums (sequence predicate &key (key #'identity))
"Like ALEXANDRIA:EXTREMUM but return *all* values in case of a tie."
(iterate
(with results = nil)
(with prev = nil)
(for v :in-whatever sequence)
(for k = (funcall key v))
(if-first-time
(progn (push v results)
(setf prev k))
(cond
((funcall predicate k prev) (setf results (list v)
prev k))
((funcall predicate prev k) nil) ; noop
(t (progn (push v results)
(setf prev k)))))
(finally (return results))))
(defun char-invertcase (char)
"Return `char` with its case inverted, if possible."
(if (lower-case-p char)
(char-upcase char)
(char-downcase char)))
(defun-inline x (point)
(realpart point))
(defun-inline y (point)
(imagpart point))
(defun manhattan-distance (point1 &optional (point2 #c(0 0)))
"Return the Manhattan distance between the two points on the complex plane."
(+ (abs (- (x point1)
(x point2)))
(abs (- (y point1)
(y point2)))))
(defun manhattan-neighbors (point)
"Return points adjacent to point (excluding diagonals) on the complex plane."
(list (+ point #c(0 1))
(+ point #c(1 0))
(+ point #c(0 -1))
(+ point #c(-1 0))))
(defgeneric emptyp (collection)
(:documentation "Return whether `collection` is empty."))
(defmethod emptyp ((list list))
(null list))
(defmethod emptyp ((vector vector))
(zerop (length vector)))
(defmethod emptyp ((hash-table hash-table))
(zerop (hash-table-count hash-table)))
(defmethod emptyp ((digraph digraph:digraph))
(digraph:emptyp digraph))
(defmethod emptyp ((hset hash-set))
(hset-empty-p hset))
(defun-inline nth-digit (n integer &optional (radix 10))
"Return the `n`th digit of `integer` in base `radix`, counting from the right."
(mod (truncate integer (expt radix n)) radix))
(defun-inlineable integral-image (width height value-function)
;; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summed-area_table
(let ((image (make-array (list width height)))
(last-row (1- height))
(last-col (1- width)))
(dotimes (x width)
(dotimes (y height)
(setf (aref image x y)
(+ (funcall value-function x y)
(if (= x last-col) 0 (aref image (1+ x) y))
(if (= y last-row) 0 (aref image x (1+ y)))
(if (or (= x last-col) (= y last-row))
0
(- (aref image (1+ x) (1+ y))))))))))
(defun positions-if (predicate sequence &key (start 0) end key)
"Return a fresh list of all positions in `sequence` that satisfy `predicate`.
Like `cl:position-if`, but returns a list of all the results.
Example:
(positions-if #'upper-case-p \"aBCdeF\")
; =>
(1 2 5)
"
(let ((pos start))
(nreverse (reduce (lambda (result value)
(prog1 (if (funcall predicate value)
(cons pos result)
result)
(incf pos)))
sequence
:start start
:end end
:key key
:initial-value nil))))
(defun digits (n &key (radix 10) from-end (result-type 'list))
"Return a fresh list of the digits of `n` in base `radix`.
By default, the digits are returned high-order first, as you would read them.
Use `from-end` to get them low-order first:
(digits 123) ; => (1 2 3)
(digits 123 :from-end t) ; => (3 2 1)
"
(let ((result (iterate
(for (values remaining digit) = (truncate n radix))
(collect digit)
(setf n remaining)
(until (zerop n)))))
(coerce (if from-end
result
(nreverse result))
result-type)))
(defun fresh-vector (sequence)
(if (typep sequence 'vector)
(copy-seq sequence)
(coerce sequence 'vector)))
(defun first-character (string)
"Return the first character of `string`."
(char string 0))
(defmacro let-result ((symbol initform) &body body)
"Bind `symbol` to initform, execute `body`, and return `symbol`.
This is useful for creating a object, doing some work on it, and returning the
object. For example:
(let-result (table (make-hash-table))
(setf (gethash 0 table) 'foo))
; ==>
(let ((table (make-hash-table)))
(setf (gethash 0 table) 'foo)
table)
"
`(let ((,symbol ,initform))
,@body
,symbol))
(defmacro let-complex (bindings &body body)
`(let* (,@(iterate (for (x y val) :in bindings)
(for v = (gensym))
(collect `(,v ,val))
(collect `(,x (realpart ,v)))
(collect `(,y (imagpart ,v)))))
,@body))
(defun queue-thunk (&rest elements)
(lambda () (pop elements)))
(defun bytes->hex (bytes)
(format nil "~(~{~2,'0X~}~)" (coerce bytes 'list)))
(defun bytes->integer (bytes)
(iterate
(for byte :in (coerce bytes 'list))
(for result :seed 0 :then (+ (ash result 8) byte))
(returning result)))
;;;; A* Search ----------------------------------------------------------------
(defstruct path
state
(estimate 0)
(cost 0)
(previous nil))
(defun path-to-list (path &aux result)
(recursively ((path path))
(unless (null path)
(push (path-state path) result)
(recur (path-previous path))))
result)
(defun astar (&key start neighbors goalp cost heuristic test limit)
"Search for a path from `start` to a goal using A★.
The following parameters are all required:
* `start`: the starting state.
* `neighbors`: a function that takes a state and returns all states reachable
from it.
* `goalp`: a predicate that takes a state and returns whether it is a goal.
* `cost`: a function that takes two states `a` and `b` and returns the cost
to move from `a` to `b`.
* `heuristic`: a function that takes a state and estimates the distance
remaining to the goal.
* `test`: an equality predicate for comparing nodes. It must be suitable for
passing to `make-hash-table`.
If the heuristic function is admissable (i.e. it never overestimates the
remaining distance) the algorithm will find the shortest path.
Note that `test` is required. The only sensible default would be `eql`, but
if you were using states that need a different predicate and forgot to pass it
the algorithm would end up blowing the heap, which is unpleasant.
The following parameters are optional:
* `limit`: a maximum cost. Any paths that exceed this cost will not be
considered.
"
(let ((seen (make-hash-table :test test))
(frontier (pileup:make-heap #'< :key #'path-estimate)))
(labels ((mark-seen (path)
(setf (gethash (path-state path) seen) (path-cost path)))
(push-path (path)
(mark-seen path)
(pileup:heap-insert path frontier)))
(iterate
(initially (push-path (make-path :state start)))
(for (values current found) = (pileup:heap-pop frontier))
(unless found
(return (values nil nil)))
(for current-state = (path-state current))
(when (funcall goalp current-state)
(return (values (path-to-list current) t)))
(for current-cost = (path-cost current))
(iterate
(for next-state :in (funcall neighbors current-state))
(for next-cost = (+ current-cost (funcall cost current-state next-state)))
(for (values seen-cost previously-seen) = (gethash next-state seen))
(unless (and limit (> next-cost limit))
(when (or (not previously-seen)
(< next-cost seen-cost))
(for next-estimate = (+ next-cost (funcall heuristic next-state)))
(push-path (make-path :state next-state
:cost next-cost
:estimate next-estimate
:previous current)))))))))